Abstract
BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage is a subtype of stroke that has a poor prognosis without an adequate therapy. Recently, the use of anesthetics such as isoflurane has been shown to be protective after cerebral ischemia. However, the potential therapeutic effect of isoflurane after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been fully explored.ResultsIn this study, male Sprague–Dawley rats (SD) were subjected to ICH and randomized into controls and 1.2% or 1.5% isoflurane posttreatment groups. Brain water content, neurological outcomes and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP2-MMP9) plasma levels were quantified at 24 hours. Isoflurane treatment did not reduce brain edema compared with controls in any of the applied isoflurane concentrations. Moreover, consistent with this lack of effect on brain edema, isoflurane posttreatment did not affect neurological outcomes in any of the tests used. Plasma MMP levels did not change.ConclusionOur data suggested that there is no neuroprotection after isoflurane posttreatment in a rat model of ICH.
Highlights
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a subtype of stroke that has a poor prognosis without an adequate therapy
We ask whether isoflurane may have some neuroprotective effect when administrated after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
Isoflurane treatment did not reduce brain edema compared with controls in any of the applied isoflurane concentrations (P = 0.653) (Figure 1)
Summary
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a subtype of stroke that has a poor prognosis without an adequate therapy. Isoflurane treatment did not reduce brain edema compared with controls in any of the applied isoflurane concentrations Consistent with this lack of effect on brain edema, isoflurane posttreatment did not affect neurological outcomes in any of the tests used. Two endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms have been shown to be broadly effective after ischemic stroke: ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning [3,4] These two strategies are thought to recruit natural adaptive responses that brain and other organs utilize to protect themselves from various insults. Isoflurane has been shown to be highly effective conditioning inducer in various animal models of cerebral injury. This may be translationally relevant since isoflurane can be applied in a clinical setting. We ask whether isoflurane may have some neuroprotective effect when administrated after ICH
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