Abstract
The large low-temperature specific heat in Nd 2− y Ce y CuO 4 has been explained as caused by the localized many-electron low-energy excitations of the Nd 3+ ions. These excitations are associated with the formation of two-closely lying localized states, with a gap δ K < 0.5 meV, originating from the charge-formed Kramers doublet ground state. With the Ce substitutions the energy splitting decreases resulting in shifting of the Schottky-like specific heat to ultra-low temperatures.
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