Low temperature crystal growth of lead-free complex perovskite nano-structure by using sol-gel hydrothermal process

Abstract

The fabrication of lead-free oxide perovskite materials ensures no toxic or harmful waste being spread into the environment but usually calls for a high-temperature synthesis process. These materials have emerged to be one of the most promising materials and are currently of great technological interest due to their extraordinary potential in various energy harvesting applications. They are able to form a stable structure but the method of synthesis of nanoparticles is of paramount importance in order to determine its properties. However, the development of an environmentally benign chemical process to synthesize perovskite material in the laboratory at low-temperature is a huge challenge. The low-temperature synthesis route not only yields high purity, pure phase, less wastage of the sample, less agglomeration of the nano-particles but most importantly is highly energy efficient and ecologically innocuous. Oxide Perovskite like Barium Titanate (BT) is known for its remarkable piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties although the method of synthesis of BT with different dopants has a significant influence on the structural properties of these materials.