Abstract
Abstract Synthetic fuel oil is being produced by catalytic hydrode-sulfurization of various coals in a 10 Ib/h pilot plant, using a turbulent flow, packed-bed reactor at 400–460°C with 2000 - 4000 psi of hydrogen and short residence time. The sulfur removal is accomplished with intentionally low hydrogen consumption. Even so, coal liquefaction incidentally occurs, making it feasible to remove also residual solids and ash from the product fuel oil to upgrade it. Characterization results will be presented for oils from three different coals in terms of physical properties and reduced sulfur contents, including the dependence of these parameters on operating conditions and on the degree of removal of residual unconverted solids and ash. High yields of fuel oils having only 0.1 % sulfur have been obtained from a coal having 3.4% sulfur when unconverted solids are removed from the oil. Most of the residual sulfur is in the remaining solids and is organic. Without solids removal the sulfur content in the raw oil from the same coal is 0.3%, which still satisfies air—pollution restrictions for sulfur in fuels.
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