Abstract
A cavity antenna array with low-profile and favorable aperture efficiency for Ku-band mobile satellite communication applications (10.9–12.5 GHz) is presented in this letter. Key features are the much reduced loss of the feed network and miniaturized aperture size of the array element, and therefore, the high aperture efficiency of the array. The antenna element operates under an odd mode of a fundamental frequency, miniaturized by about a half compared with the conventional cavity antenna. The waveguide-microstrip (WG-MS) hybrid network is employed for the element feeding. Especially, a corners-shorted patch and stepped-length slot are introduced in the WG-MS transition for better transmission, lowering the loss by about 20% according to simulation. For verification, an antenna array is implemented and tested. The results show aperture efficiency up to 86.1% and a maximum gain of 28.8 dBi in the operation band. Besides, this array achieves a wide bandwidth from 10.5 to 13 GHz (20.8%) based on the standard of voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 2$</tex-math></inline-formula> , entirely covering the desired band of 10.9–12.5 GHz.
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