Abstract
A design of high-gain Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna is presented with non-uniform frequency selective surface (FSS) superstrate and electromagnetic band gap (EBG) reflecting ground. The non-uniform FSS superstrate and EBG ground are utilized to flexibly control the attenuation constant <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> over a large antenna aperture while ensuring the resonance condition of the FPC. The uniformity of the amplitude of the aperture field is improved significantly while obtaining appropriate radiation efficiency. Therefore, the high gain and high aperture efficiency can be achieved within a desirable bandwidth. The theoretical gain estimation is conducted to prove the superiority of the proposed antenna over a referenced uniform one. A straight-forward design methodology is proposed based on the radial leaky-wave theory and the modified transverse equivalent network (TEN) model. The non-uniform high-gain FPC antenna with a diameter of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.6\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is designed at the frequency of 15 GHz. Simulated results show that a gain of 24.6 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 67.9% has been achieved. The measured gain is 24.0 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 58.4%. The 10dB return loss bandwidth and 3 dB gain bandwidth are 5.3% and 3.2%, respectively. The proposed antenna overcomes the limit on aperture efficiency and gain of conventional uniform FPC antennas, and the presented methodology can guide the design of two-dimensional non-uniform high-gain FPC antennas.
Highlights
Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna is an attractive candidate for achieving high gain and high efficiency
It uses a single low-directive antenna as an air-feeding primary source, which is usually more efficient than the antenna arrays that need a complex feeding network [1]. It has the advantages of planar structure and low profile when compared with many non-planar antennas, such as reflector antennas [2], [3], dielectric lens antennas [4], [5], and waveguide horn antennas [6]
The FPC antenna is usually composed of two substrates: the lower one with the feed antenna and the ground plane, and the upper one with a frequency selective surface (FSS) [8], [9], i.e., the superstrate, operating as the partially reflective surface (PRS)
Summary
Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna is an attractive candidate for achieving high gain and high efficiency. Hei et al.: FPC Antenna With Non-Uniform Superstrate and EBG Ground is required, the attenuation constant α should be reduced to maintain a relatively uniform aperture distribution over a larger aperture This will lead to lower radiation efficiency because more power carried by the leaky wave mode will reach the edge of the FPC antenna and cause unwanted reflections and diffractions [13]. The modified transverse equivalent network (TEN) model is formulated, based on which the dispersion characteristic of the non-uniform FPC is analyzed It demonstrates that the amplitude distribution can be optimized flexibly while satisfying the resonance condition simultaneously, by the independent design of the non-uniform PRS and EBG ground. GAIN ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS Based on the radial leaky wave theory [29], the aperture field distribution of a circular finite FPC antenna with a non-uniform FSS superstrate can be written as. Been achieved for every D/λ0 for the non-uniform FPC antenna, which theoretically verifies the effectiveness of our design method
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