Abstract
The reaction of oxygen at low pressure with the Sn/Pd(110) system has beenexamined by photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. Thec(2 × 2) and(3 × 1) reconstructions of the Sn/Pd(110) surface at 0.5 and 0.7 monolayers(ML) Sn coverage and a 1.75 ML Sn overlayer on the Pd(110) surface afterflashing to 470 K were studied. The Sn 4d core level is strongly affected byO2 adsorption while the Pd 3d core level shows very little change other than a decreasein intensity. Starting with a 10 L dose of oxygen, prominent changes in thespectra were observed for all Sn/Pd(110) surface alloys. Analysis of the Sn 4dcore levels indicates that oxidation proceeds with the formation of well-definedstates of Sn, which were identified as a Pd–Sn–O interface layer, SnO andSnO2 oxides. The valence band spectra confirm this assignment. TheSn2+ andSn4+ component signals originate from the topmost surface layer, i.e. tin atoms in more highlyoxidized states constitute the topmost surface layer on top of the Pd–Sn–O interface.The presence of a sub-surface PdSn intermetallic alloy facilitates the tin oxideformation; the Sn–O phase formation is accompanied by Pd–Sn bond dissociation.
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