Low-Noise and Linear Nonmagnetic Circulator by a Temporal Nonreciprocal Phase Shifter

Abstract

Light may be manipulated not only in space, but also in time. This study uses a nonreciprocal temporal-loop-based phase shifter to construct a low-noise, low-profile, and linear nonmagnetic circulator. In contrast to conventional magnet-based circulators, such a temporal circulator is controllable, compatible with integrated-circuit technology, and suitable for high frequencies. The experimental demonstration at microwave frequencies seems very promising.