Abstract
To find new anti-UV and whitening agents, 21 fractions isolated from three preparations of ginseng (white, red, and black ginseng) were screened, and their antioxidant effects on AAPH- or H2O2-induced damage were investigated. Furthermore, the protective effect against UV-mediated apoptosis and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the targeted fractions were evaluated in vitro and in a zebrafish model. Among all fractions, F10 from white ginseng was selected as having the strongest anti-UV and antimelanogenesis activities. This fraction exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish, which may be due to its potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Additionally, the chemical composition of F10 was evaluated by UPLC-MS and NMR instruments. The results indicated that F10 had a carbohydrate content of more than 76%, and the weight-average molecular weight was approximately 239 Da. Disaccharide sucrose was the main active compound in F10. These results suggest that F10 could be used as an ingredient for whitening cosmetics and regarded as an anti-UV filter in the future.
Highlights
Human skin, an organ with different types of cells, is mainly influenced by extrinsic factors such as UV radiation, which causes coarse wrinkles, dyspigmentation, and skin laxity [1].e cosmetic industry is a multibillion dollar-level industry with increasing research every year
Precipitation from the water extraction was conducted by adding ethanol, and the precipitate was subsequently separated by dialysis depending on the molecular weight
In azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride- (AAPH-)induced Vero cells, we found that fractions F8, F9, and F10 reduced ROS levels and showed potential protective effects (Figure 2(e))
Summary
An organ with different types of cells, is mainly influenced by extrinsic factors such as UV radiation, which causes coarse wrinkles, dyspigmentation, and skin laxity [1]. Natural products isolated from plant and animal resources are potential active cosmetic candidates for treating various skin disorders and inflammation and protection against UV irradiation [2]. Excessive solar exposure, such as that to UVB radiation, is toxic to the skin, inducing skin aging, DNA skin damage, and tumorigenesis. Evidence of natural active molecules inhibiting lipid oxidation was found, exhibiting health-promoting activities such as antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects [6]. To the best of our knowledge, the influence and comparison of different processed ginseng products on the inhibition of melanin and anti-UV effects have not been elucidated far. We determined the weight-average molecular weights and chemical composition of oligosaccharides from sun-dried ginseng
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