Abstract
Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells. It regulates glucose levels by boosting insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and preventing β-cell death. GLP-1 is increasingly used in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the effectiveness of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a non-pharmacological intervention, in enhancing insulin resistance in diabetic mice by stimulating GLP-1 release. T2DM was induced in C57BL/6J mice through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Mice were divided into Control, T2D-sham and T2D-LIPUS groups. The T2D-LIPUS group received LIPUS treatment with a frequency of 1MHz, intensity of 120mW/cm2, and duty cycle of 20%for 20 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were measured through tests. Pancreatic histology and GLP-1 expression in serum were evaluated. Results showed that T2DM increased insulin resistance, but LIPUS treatment alleviated it. GLP-1 levels significantly increased in the T2D-LIPUS group compared to the T2D-sham group, approaching the control group’s level. LIPUS also reduced apoptosis of islet β cells. These findings suggest that LIPUS stimulation of the intestine can enhance islet β-cell activity through GLP-1 regulation of the gut-pancreas axis, mitigating insulin resistance in T2DM.
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