Abstract
To clarify the relationship between maternal 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) results and neurodevelopment in 3-year-old children and determine if low GCT results are linked to early neurodevelopmental delays in offspring. In this nationwide prospective cohort study, we extracted data from 104,062 foetal records from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Outcomes comprised developmental status cut-off values for the domains of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition. The exclusion criteria were gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes during pregnancy, and GCT results ≥ 140mg/dL. Based on these criteria, we included 12,472 women who had undergone a GCT between 14 and 27 weeks of gestation and divided the participants into a low-GCT group (cohort specific ≤ 10th percentile, ≤ 81mg/dL) and a non-low-GCT group (82-139mg/dL). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between low GCT results and early neurodevelopmental delays. Compared with infants born to women with normal GCT results, those born to women with low GCT results showed a significantly higher incidence of neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in communication, gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving skills (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.78; adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.69; adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.56; adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.54, respectively). No significant increase in the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) was observed for female offspring. Low maternal GCT results are associated with offspring neurodevelopment at 3 years of age, with the association influenced by offspring sex. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01568-x.
Published Version
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