Abstract
Abstract Low-dimensional (LD) materials have originated a range of innovative applications in photonics and optoelectronics owning to their advantages of ultrafast carrier response and distinct nonlinear saturable absorption properties. In particular, these emerging LD materials including zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials have recently been utilized for short and ultrashort pulse laser generation in the visible, near infrared, and mid-infrared wavelength regions. Here, we review recent progress demonstrating the application of LD materials as versatile, wideband saturable absorbers for Q-switching and mode-locking in all-solid-state lasers. The laser performance in operating wavelength, output power, pulse width, repetition rate, and pulse energy is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are suggested.
Highlights
All-solid-state pulsed lasers play an important role in scientific research, industry, medical, information, and military fields due to its narrow pulse width, high peak power, and large pulse energy [1,2,3,4,5,6]
A solid-state laser is usually composed of a free-space cavity, which is mainly composed of mirrors and solidstate gain medium
It generated 653 ns pulses with the repetition rete and average output power of 96.2 kHz and 9.11 mW, respectively, as shown in Figure 5C and D. These results indicate that perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have the potential to be excellent saturable absorber (SA)
Summary
All-solid-state pulsed lasers play an important role in scientific research, industry, medical, information, and military fields due to its narrow pulse width, high peak power, and large pulse energy [1,2,3,4,5,6]. With bulk crystals as the gain medium, LDPSSLs are suitable for generating high energy and high peak power ultrashort pulses, owing to the large mode area and low nonlinear effects of bulk gain medium. Compared with active operation regimes, the passive operation regimes, in which a nonlinear optical device, termed as saturable absorber (SA), was inserted directly into the laser cavity, have the main advantages of simple and compact structure, low price, and reliable performance [18,19,20]. The emergence of low-dimensional (LD) materials, including two-dimensional (2D), onedimensional (1D), and zero-dimensional (0D) materials, provides a new opportunity for the development of pulsed lasers [27,28,29]. We mainly focus on the application of LD-SAs in passively Q-switched and mode-locked solid-state bulk lasers operating in visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength band. We give some predictions about potential developments and perspectives of LD materials–based all-solid-state pulse lasers
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