Abstract
Highly sensitive, stable, low production costs, together with easy maintenance and portability, sensors are ever most demanded nowadays for monitoring and quantification of hazardous chemicals/gases in the environment. The utilization of one dimensional (1D) metal oxide nano structured chemical/gas sensors for environmental monitoring is vastly investigated because of their superior surface to volume ratio, stability, and low production costs, to provide information on the presence of chemical species. Several outstanding attempts have been pursued investigating 1D nano structures of Co3O4 over the past decades as an active material for chemical analytes detection owing to its superior catalytic effect together with its excellent stability. This article reviews the state-of-the-art of growth and characterization of Co3O4 1D nano structures and their functional characterization as chemical/gas sensors. Moreover, fundamental concepts and characteristic features, that enhance the key performances of chemical/gas sensors, are discussed. Finally, challenges and prospective for growth and fabrication of 1D Co3O4 chemical/gas sensors are discussed.
Highlights
Chemosensors 2021, 9, 197 type metal oxides have shown excellent performances in chemical/gas sensing owing to the majoritycarriers, of chargetheir carriers, their conduction paths, resistance to humidity influence of charge conduction paths, resistance to humidity influence on sensing on sensing performances, superior catalyst properties, long-term stability, and lower open performances, superior catalyst properties, long-term stability, and lower open circuit circuit resistance in contrast to n-type
Response time is an evaluation of the sensors dynamics to achieve a stable value of the monitored sensor parameter, for example the time to accomplish 90% of the final resistance of the sensor when interacting with the gas
[61]; (c,d) nano structure obtained via eletrospun technique, reprinted from [61]; (c,d) nano structure obtained via eletrospun technique, reprinted with the permission from [62]; (e,f) nano withobtained the permission from [62]; (e,f) nano structure obtained via eletrospun structure via eletrospun technique, reprinted with the permission from [63]. technique, reprinted with the permission from [63]
Summary
A chemical sensor is defined as a device that transforms chemical information into an analytically useful signal [1]. Irrespective of the number of reported works, p-type metal oxides have shown excellent performances in chemical/gas sensing owing to the majority. Various nanostructures of Co3O4, nanoparticles [22,23], nanowires [24,25,26,27,28,29], nanorods [30,31], nanosheets [32,33], nanocubes [34], nanoneedles [35], hollow microspheres [36,37,38], urchin-like structures [39,40,41], have been reported in the literature for the detection of CH3OH, C2H5OH, HCHO, CH4, CH3COCH3, lower and elevated temperatures, superior electrical and chemical properties together with their abundance [20,21]. A comprehensive discussion on the reported 1D Co3 O4 chemical/gas sensors is presented
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