Loss of superfluidity in a Bose–Einstein condensate on an optical lattice via a novel classical phase transition

Abstract

We predict the loss of superfluidity in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a combined optical and axially-symmetric harmonic potentials during a resonant collective excitation initiated by a periodic modulation of the atomic scattering length a, when the modulation frequency equals twice the radial trapping frequency or multiples thereof. This classical dynamical transition is marked by a loss of superfluidity in the BEC and a subsequent destruction of the interference pattern upon free expansion. Suggestion for future experiment is made.