Losing ground in the field: An exploratory analysis of the relationship between work and mental health amongst women in conflict affected Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Abstract

Conflict affected populations, in particular women in such settings, face an increased risk of developing mental health disorders as well as well as economic vulnerability and reduced productivity. However, the link between the two has rarely been studied. The data in this paper come from a cross-sectional dataset (n = 1053) and a panel dataset of (n = 499) women suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. This paper investigates the association between mental health disorders (PTSD, depression and/or anxiety) and employment for women in a conflict-affected setting. The study finds that worsened local functioning is associated with reduced likelihood of working, earnings, and engagement in paid work. Reduction in probable depression and/or anxiety and PTSD are both associated with increased likelihood of engaging in paid work compared to unpaid work. Reduction in probable depression and/or anxiety is also associated with engaging in a secondary economic activity, as well as with higher productivity. However, when controlling for daily (local) functioning impairment, the primary pathway through which mental health may impact working, we detect a positive relationship between work or working hours and increased symptoms of PTSD and depression and/or anxiety. Working women with worse PTSD and depression and/or anxiety symptoms are also less likely to be self-employed, especially in an off-farm setting, and more likely to be engaged in farming. A complex relationship between working and mental health emerges. Our findings also suggest that in this population farming, particularly farm-based wage work, is positively associated with worse mental health even after accounting for wealth and other relevant socio-demographic factors. These findings highlight the importance of paying close attention to the mental health of beneficiaries of livelihood support projects in post-conflict settings, where the relationship between mental health and employment is not straightforward.