Abstract
Given the exhaustion of penalty and control mechanisms in environmental policy, the weakness of the political system to apply its strictly stipulated regulations, and the growing autonomy of the economic system to impose its own conditions and develop innovations, the application of mechanisms that promote public / private cooperation and the incorporation of economic actors as key agents in the gestation and execution of environmental policy has become a trend. Starting from the reconstruction of the fundamental approaches of perspectives from the social sciences, this paper evaluates the relevance and potential of the application of this mechanism and bases its central thesis: the application of voluntary commitments in environmental policy only deserves to be generalized if the dynamic between closure (control, regulations, sanctions) and opening (innovation, evaluation, and integration of third parties) is internally and externally balanced.
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