Abstract
Applications of the general theory of quantum electrodynamics with Lorentz- and CPT-violating operators of mass dimensions up to six are presented to Penning-trap experiments comparing charge-to-mass ratios between particles and antiparticles. Perturbation theory is used to derive Lorentz- and CPT-violating contributions to the energy levels and cyclotron frequencies of confined particles and antiparticles. We show that whether the experimental {\it interpreted} quantity $(|q|/m)_{\overline{w}}/(|q|/m)_{w} - 1$ is a clean measure of a CPT test depends on the context of the relevant theory. Existing experimental results of charge-to-mass ratio comparisons are used to obtain first-time constraints on 69 coefficients for Lorentz and CPT violation.
Highlights
Invariance under Lorentz transformations is one of the fundamental symmetries of both general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics
We address the question of whether a comparison of the experimental interpreted charge-to-mass ratios between particles and antiparticles is a clean CPT test and conclude that it depends on the context of the relevant theory
We focus on the analysis of two Penning trap experiments comparing the charge-to-mass ratios between an antiproton and a proton and provide the explicit combinations of the tilde coefficients that are sensitive to each individual experiment
Summary
Invariance under Lorentz transformations is one of the fundamental symmetries of both general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics. The subset of the SME containing operators of powercounting renormalizable mass dimension d ≤ 4 is called the minimal SME, while the nonminimal SME restricts attention to operators of mass dimensions d > 4 and is assumed to produce higher-order corrections to conventional physics Both the minimal and nonminimal SME can produce various Lorentz- and CPT-violating effects in Penning-trap experiments, including those measuring the g factor and charge-to-mass ratio of a confined particle or antiparticle [5,6,7,10,11,12]. III C the general transformation of the coefficients for Lorentz violation between different frames We adopt natural units with ħ 1⁄4 c 1⁄4 1 and express mass units in GeV
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