Abstract
The recent years have gradually increased the value of wireless connectivity, making it the de facto commodity for both human users and the machines. In this paper, we summarize our experiences of deploying and managing for over two years the extensive indoor sensor network composed of more than three hundred devices connected over LoRaWAN low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology. We start by detailing the background and methodology of our deployment and then present the results of analyzing the network’s operation over a period of two years, focusing specifically on identifying the reasons after the packet losses. Our results reveal that despite the common assumptions, in a real-life network, the packets are lost not only during the on-air transmission but also within the backbone. Among the other interesting findings are the observed nonuniform distribution of the packet transmissions by the nodes in the networks, the seasonal effects on the packet delivery, and the observed effects of the interferences on network performance. The empirical results presented in the paper provide valuable insight into the performance of a real-life extensive LoRaWAN network deployed in an indoor environment and thus may be of interest both to the practitioners and academics.
Highlights
The 21st century has witnessed the internet of things (IoT) advancements delivering a digital revolution for almost every aspect of human life
The paper detailed the methodology of deployment and presented the results of a comprehensive analysis of the performance of a LoRaWAN-based real estate monitoring system, deployed inside the University of Oulu campus as a part of the Smart Campus development program
Our initial results showed substantial packet losses in the network, which motivated us to look deeper in this issue to understand the reasons for it
Summary
The 21st century has witnessed the internet of things (IoT) advancements delivering a digital revolution for almost every aspect of human life. Many use cases, including real estate monitoring, create the need for a diverse landscape of wireless technologies to serve the versatile needs of the diverse IoT applications The system is deployed over a private network with the possibility of error-free transmissions over a long distance (1.1–6 km) Another relevant use case was developed in the context of remote monitoring to manage electricity consumption in an efficient way [22]. From all the mentioned research activities and developments discussed above, it appears that LoRaWAN is a feasible technology to address the needs of versatile real estate use cases With this aspect, we intended to utilize LoRaWAN to deploy real-life monitoring systems in a large and congested indoor area to make this real estate environment digitized and smart at the university campus.
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