Long-term Cure of Primary Hyperparathyroidism After Scan-Directed Parathyroidectomy: Outcomes From A UK Endocrine Surgery Unit.

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Two-decades ago, the advent of sestamibi scintigraphy led to an enthusiastic acceptance of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in most surgical centres. More recently, concerns have been raised about the efficacy of limited neck exploration and some surgeons proposed bilateral neck exploration to be (once again) the gold standard operation for primary hyperparathyroidism in 2020s. A departmental database was used to identify patients who had MIP after concordant dual localisation with sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound scans. Long-term follow-up data were obtained from electronic patient records to ascertain any further treatment for recurrent disease and confirm most recent biochemical status. Patients with negative localisation scans and those with familial disease were excluded from analysis. Between June 2001 and August 2014 a total of 404 patients (108M:296F, median age 63years, range 17-90years) underwent MIP and had normalisation of calcium in first 6weeks after the operation. Information on electronic patient records were missing in 14 patients; therefore, data on 390 patients were analysed. During median follow-up of 78months (IQR: 21.25-111.75months), 375 patients had normocalcaemia (2.36mmol/L, IQR: 2.29-2.44mmol/L) at a median 75months, (IQR: 20-118months) after their operation. Overall, 15 (3.85%) patients had biochemical evidence of recurrent disease (2.70mmol/L IQR: 2.63-2.75mmol/L) at 92months (Range: 6-196) after initial operation. Of these, 5 (1.28%) patients underwent a second parathyroid procedure. Recurrence after scan-directed unilateral neck exploration occurred in 4% of patients after a long disease-free interval. Only one patient had recurrent disease within 1-year of primary surgery. The data suggest that bilateral neck exploration at the time of initial operation, in this selected cohort, is unlikely to have uncovered multi-gland disease and prevent disease recurrence. Focused parathyroidectomy in patients with convincing localisation studies should continue.