Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether personal recovery indices in individuals with psychotic disorders would change through hospitalisation in a psychiatric ward and to identify factors associated with these changes.MethodsParticipants underwent assessments for personal recovery using the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery, Recovery Assessment Scale, and Self-Identified Stage of Recovery Part A and B; clinical symptoms using the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale; self-efficacy using the General Self-Efficacy Scale; and self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at baseline and before hospital discharge. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were administered for longitudinal comparisons between baseline and follow-up. Spearman’s rank correlation tests were conducted to assess correlations of longitudinal changes in personal recovery with baseline values of personal recovery as well as baseline values or changes in the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.ResultsThirty-four individuals with psychotic disorders completed the assessments. The average duration of the current hospitalisation was 81.9 days (SD, 15.3; median, 85.0; range, 51–128 days). No significant changes were observed in personal recovery, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, although clinical symptoms significantly improved. Significant correlations were found between positive changes in the Recovery Assessment Scale and improvements in negative symptoms; between positive changes in the General Self-Efficacy Scale and those in personal recovery assessed with the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery, Recovery Assessment Scale, and Self-Identified Stage of Recovery part A; and between positive changes in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and those in the Self-Identified Stage of Recovery part B.ConclusionThis study revealed longitudinal relationships between changes in personal recovery and amelioration of negative symptoms or enhancement of self-efficacy and self-esteem through moderate length of hospitalisation in individuals with psychotic disorders. Considering the small sample size in this study, further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the present finding.Trial registrationThe protocol of this study is registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; ID: UMIN000035131).
Highlights
This study aimed to investigate whether personal recovery indices in individuals with psychotic disorders would change through hospitalisation in a psychiatric ward and to identify factors associated with these changes
A meta-analysis indicated that the severity of both positive and negative symptoms is negatively associated with degrees of personal recovery [5], and other studies have demonstrated that high self-efficacy [6] and high selfesteem [7] are positively correlated with degrees of personal recovery
Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were administered for longitudinal comparisons between baseline and follow-up in terms of indices of personal recovery assessed with the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR), Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), Self-Identified Stage of Recovery Part A (SISR-A), and SISR-B; clinical symptoms assessed with Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and total score; selfefficacy assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES); and self-esteem assessed with the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale (RSES)
Summary
This study aimed to investigate whether personal recovery indices in individuals with psychotic disorders would change through hospitalisation in a psychiatric ward and to identify factors associated with these changes. Anthony defined personal recovery as ‘a deeply personal, unique process of changing one’s attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills, and/or roles’ and ‘a way of living a satisfying, hopeful, and contributing life even with limitations caused by illness’ [1]. Since personal recovery is considered a unique process of an individual, achievement of personal recovery has often been discussed qualitatively using one’s own narrative [2]. A meta-analysis indicated that the severity of both positive and negative symptoms is negatively associated with degrees of personal recovery [5], and other studies have demonstrated that high self-efficacy [6] and high selfesteem [7] are positively correlated with degrees of personal recovery
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