Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between bullying and preference for violent television programs. A sixth-month, two time-point longitudinal design was used in order to identify the direction of the relation between bullying and preference for violent television programs. The participants were 417 sixth grade students of elementary schools in Cyprus. They completed the bullying subscale of the Revised Bullying and Victimization Questionnaire (BVQ-R) and the Preference for Television Violence Questionnaire (PTVQ). The findings of this study suggested a reciprocal relation between preference for violent TV programs and bullying. Specifically, bullying at Time1 positively predicted an increase in violent TV programs preference at Time 2. Similarly, preference for TV violence at Time1 positively predicted bullying at Time 2. We conclude that prior involvement in bullying may function as a risk factor for more future preference for violent programs on television and at the same time children who already prefer violent programs are more likely to manifest bullying in the future.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between bullying and preference for violent television programs
Since the factors of Bullying and Preference for TV violence showed strong internal consistencies, we computed a composite variable for each construct, which represents the mean score for each case item that compose each factor
We examined if exposure to TV violence at Time 1 predicts an increase in bullying at Time 2, Table 2: Correlation Coefficients Between Bullying and Preference for Television Violence at Time 1 and Time 2
Summary
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between bullying and preference for violent television programs. A sixth-month, two time-point longitudinal design was used in order to identify the direction of the relation between bullying and preference for violent television programs. Bullying involves a significant imbalance of power that is often called an asymmetric power relationship (Farrington, 1993; Olweus, 1993) As a result, victims become incapable defending themselves. It involves a series of negative actions that intentionally inflict, or attempt to inflict physical or psychological harm or discomfort. Despite the severity that is implied by defining bullying as a health related problem, the risk factors are still poorly understood (Zimmerman, Glew, Christakis, & Katon, 2005)
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