Abstract
Triticale is a promising food crop that combines the yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance of rye. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of genotype, environment and crop management on spring and winter triticale yield variability, using data from 31 locations across the whole of Poland, from 2009 to 2017, with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. It was found that CART is able to detect differences in spring and winter triticale successful growth. The yield variability of spring triticale was more dependent on the soil quality than winter triticale because of a shorter cycle duration, which increases sensitivity to nutrient supply and weather conditions. Spring triticale also needs to be sown as soon as possible to ensure a successful establishment. A strong dependence of yield variability on the availability of water for the winter triticale was observed. When growing winter triticale in Poland, with periodic excess water especially during autumn and early spring, the use of fungicides and growth regulators should be taken into account.
Highlights
We assessed the impact of variables related to genotype, environment and crop management on the yield of 55 winter triticale genotypes tested across 61 locations and 13 spring triticale genotypes tested across 31 locations during 8 growing seasons
For no doses of growth regulator variable in Classification and Regression Tree (CART) is Climaticwater water balance balance (CWB) for May and June related to seasonal weather
In the presented study it was found that CART is able to detect variables influencing the effective growth of spring and winter triticale
Summary
M. Long-Term Yield Variability of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a hybrid of wheat Triticale was bred to combine the yield efficiency and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental endurance of rye [2,3,4,5]. It was reported that triticale can perform better than wheat on poor soil quality [2,6]. Triticale combines good quality of grain with high levels of protein and lysine and is productive with low input requirements, is less susceptible to the common fungal diseases of cereals and has better adaptation to waterlogged soils, alkaline and acid soils, and nutrient deficient soils than other cereals [11,12,13,14,15,16].
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