Long-term performance of a DEHP-containing carbon-black-filled NBR membrane

Abstract

A NBR membrane containing carbon black (36 wt.%) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP; 11 wt.%) that had been used at temperatures up to 45 °C in pressurised air showed cracking after 2 years in service. Samples were aged in air at elevated temperatures and their mechanical properties were assessed by tensile testing, the glass transition temperature was obtained by DSC, and the DEHP content was determined by liquid chromatography. The loss of DEHP was controlled by the boundary conditions at low temperatures and the loss rate was constant at 90 °C within a certain DEHP concentration range (8 to 11 wt.%). The presence of carbon black and DEHP made it impossible to determine oxidation products by infrared spectroscopy. Strain-at-break data were analysed in a way that enabled the effect of DEHP migration to be separated from the effect of thermal oxidation. This allowed extrapolation in both temperature and oxygen pressure domains of high temperature/low oxygen pressure data to the service conditions. The analysis showed that both DEHP evaporation and thermal oxidation had a significant impact on the strain-at-break, but that the latter was the more important. Data for the mechanical properties and the glass transition temperature indicated that oxidation was non-uniform with increasing depth in the specimens. This condition of the 4.5 mm thick samples meant that it was inappropriate to use the specimen Young's modulus for extrapolation purposes.