Abstract
Despite the fact that different biomaterials are widely used in many biomedical applications, they can still cause side effects. Therefore, our aim was to assess neutrophil activity during the inflammatory phase of the repair process and long-term interactions between circulating neutrophils and Titanium (Ti) implants. Additionally, neutrophil in vitro response after stimulation by the extract of antimicrobial peptides (AMP extract), pentoxifylline (PTX) and some platelet-rich (L-PRP and PURE PRP) and platelet-poor (PPP) concentrates were tested. The study was conducted on eight sheep after Ti implant insertion into the tibia and revealed that the Ti implant did not cause any side effects during the course of experiment. After addition of L-PRP into neutrophils, culture activity of these cells significantly increased (p < 0.01), whereas treatment with AMP extract, PURE PRP, PPP or PTX caused decrease in neutrophil enzymatic response (on the basis of elastase, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase release) and free radical generation. These effects were observed in neutrophils isolated during the inflammatory phase as well as 4 and 10 months after implantation. Obtained results will be useful in regulation of inflammatory response during implantation of biomaterial and create possibility to modulate the cells response towards pro- or anti-inflammatory to reduce host tissue damage.
Highlights
Biomaterials are essential for a variety of healthcare applications and favored the great improvements in tissue engineering, medical implants applications, drug delivery, and immunotherapy [1]
Our results show that an autologous ovine AMP extract did not cause strong inhibition of Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)’ activity, it rather modulated them towards diminished response
Over the course of this long-term evaluation of interactions between circulating neutrophils and an implanted Ti plate, we estimated that neither in the inflammatory phase of the repair process nor during 10 months was deleterious neutrophil activity seen
Summary
Biomaterials are essential for a variety of healthcare applications and favored the great improvements in tissue engineering, medical implants applications, drug delivery, and immunotherapy [1]. The common property of biomaterials is the induction of adverse immune reactions resulting in excessive inflammatory response, impaired healing process, fibrotic encapsulation, and tissue destruction [1]. These adverse effects of bone implants are widely recognized as a significant cause of aseptic implant failure. Osteolysis around the implant is caused by the activation of different cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines This deleterious response could be evoked by particulate wear and corrosion debris, organo–metallic complexes, metal salt/oxides and free metal ions released from implant [3,4,5]. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the formation of aseptic implant rejection, especially the role of immune cells in this process is of growing interest
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