A new application of cell-free bone regeneration: immobilizing stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium onto titanium implants using atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.

Kenji Hara,Masazumi Okido,Masahiro Omori,Minoru Ueda,Hideharu Hibi,Kensuke Kuroda,Shuhei Tsuchiya

doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0114-1

Kenji Hara, Masazumi Okido + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-015-0114-1

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Journal: Stem cell research & therapy	Publication Date: Jun 19, 2015
Citations: 87	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Nagoya University

Abstract

IntroductionSurface modification of titanium (Ti) implants promotes bone formation and shortens the osseointegration period. The aim of this study was to promote bone regeneration and stability around implants using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) pretreatment. This was followed by immobilization of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) on the Ti implant surface.MethodsTi samples (implants, discs, powder) were treated with APP for 30 seconds. Subsequently, these were immobilized on the treated Ti surface, soaked and agitated in phosphate-buffered saline or SHED-CM for 24 hours at 37 °C. The surface topography of the Ti implants was observed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In vivo experiments using Ti implants placed on canine femur bone were then conducted to permit histological analysis at the bone-implant boundary. For the in vitro experiments, protein assays (SDS-PAGE, Bradford assay, liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry) and canine bone marrow stromal cell (cBMSC) attachment assays were performed using Ti discs or powder.ResultsIn the in vitro study, treatment of Ti implant surfaces with SHED-CM led to calcium phosphate and extracellular matrix protein immobilization. APP pretreatment increased the amount of SHED-CM immobilized on Ti powder, and contributed to increased cBMSC attachment on Ti discs. In the in vivo study, histological analysis revealed that the Ti implants treated with APP and SHED-CM stimulated new bone formation around implants.ConclusionsImplant device APP pretreatment followed by SHED-CM immobilization may be an effective application to facilitate bone regeneration around dental implants.

Highlights

Surface modification of titanium (Ti) implants promotes bone formation and shortens the osseointegration period
We demonstrate that atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) pretreatment increases the amount of SHEDCM-derived proteins immobilized on the implant surface, and promotes the attachment of canine bone marrow stromal cells (cBMSCs) onto the Ti surface, thereby contributing to early osseointegration
Topographical characterization of the Ti implant surface treated with APP and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)-Conditioned medium (CM) The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed differences between the treatments on the Ti implant surface

Summary

Introduction

Surface modification of titanium (Ti) implants promotes bone formation and shortens the osseointegration period. Mechanical and chemical treatments such as sand blasting and acid etching [6], anodization [7, 8], or hydroxyapatite coating [9, 10] are used to modify the surfaces of Ti implants [11], promoting osteogenesis and early osseointegration. In addition to these mechanical and chemical treatments, hydrophilic treatments such as atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment [12,13,14], UV treatment [15] and hydrothermal treatment [16] have been used to obtain early osseointegration. The effect of these hydrophilic treatments is protein immobilization promotion as a result of hydrocarbon removal from the Ti surface [17]

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