Abstract
During the last half century, the numbers of patients on dialysis have continued to increase. Central venous stenosis or occlusion, inadequate arm veins, and ultimate failure of repeated interventions are not uncommon. Many patients, especially the young, face exhaustion of traditional dialysis access options and abandonment of the upper extremities. Superficial femoral vein (SFV) arteriovenous fistula of the lower extremity has previously been described as a final salvage effort, but there are few data on long-term patency.
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