Abstract
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is widely used and considered a predictable procedure for implant placement. However, the influence of MSFA on implant survival and marginal bone loss (MBL) is still inconclusive. The purpose of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the long-term genuine influence of MSFA on the survival and MBL of implants by comparing those with and without MSFA only in maxillary molars within the same patients. Thirty-eight patients (28 male and 10 female), with a total of 119 implants, received implants with and without MSFA, and were followed up for 5.8 to 22 years. Patient- and implant-related factors were assessed with a frailty model for implant survival and with generalized estimation equations (GEE) for MBL around the implant. No variables showed a statistical significance for implant failure in the frailty model. In GEE analysis for MBL, MSFA did not show any statistical significance. In conclusion, MSFA demonstrated no significant influence on implant failure and MBL in posterior maxilla in this study.
Highlights
HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ref., reference; Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA), maxillary sinus floor augmentation; ext., extraction; Inf, undetected value due to low sample number; Healing time, a period from implant placement to prostheses delivery; #, FDI World Dental Federation notation system
HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; MSFA, maxillary sinus floor augmentation; ref., reference; ext., extraction; Inf, undetected value due to low sample number; healing time, a period from implant placement to prostheses delivery; #, FDI World Dental Federation notation system
In order to maximize the control of many possible factors affecting the survival and marginal bone loss (MBL) of each implant, implants placed in simultaneous MSFA were compared with those placed in only the native posterior maxilla and within a six-month gap between the two surgeries within a single patient
Summary
Since the first introduction of maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) by Boyne and James [1], MSFA has been a widely used and predictable procedure for implant placement in severely resorbed and/or pneumatized posterior maxilla [2,3,4]. Implants can be installed simultaneously with the MSFA procedure or following healing of the augmented area. Many other factors including bone graft material, residual bone height (RBH), intra- or post-operative complications, implant type, and host factors can affect the survival or success of implants placed in MSFA area [5,6,7]. Though calvarial bone could be used successfully for a donor site to get enough autogenous bone as the gold standard of bone graft material, many bone substitutes are replacing autogenous bone in a minimally invasive surgery, especially in compromised patients [8]
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