Long-term behavioural effects of maternal obesity in C57BL/6J mice

Abstract

Diet is increasingly being recognised as an important contributor to mental health. A diet high in sugar and polyunsaturated fatty acids can have negative consequences for disease symptoms and outcomes in schizophrenia patients. There is also evidence that particular diets can have beneficial, therapeutic-like properties for human brain disorders. Additionally, dietary choices of mothers have been found to affect cognitive domains and anxiety behaviour of offspring. Here we investigated the effects of maternal high fat diet (HFD) on a variety of behavioural domains in offspring and also consider behaviours, which are schizophrenia-relevant. Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed HFD (N = 13) or chow (N = 11) from 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. The male offspring of these mothers were weaned onto chow on PND24 and underwent testing for a range of behavioural outcomes starting at 38 weeks of age. Offspring of HFD mothers were significantly heavier compared to those of control mothers from weaning and throughout the duration of the experiment. Offspring of HFD mothers had significantly improved sensorimotor gating compared to offspring of control mothers but showed no altered behavioural response in tests for cognition, sociability, locomotion or exploration. Future investigations are required to assess which HFD-induced factors are responsible for the effects, e.g. altered maternal nursing behaviour, altered gestational physiology, or others warrants further investigation.