Abstract
Calcium phosphate coatings are able to improve the osseointegration process due to their chemical composition, which is similar to that of bone tissues. In this work, to increase the long-term corrosion resistance and to improve the osseointegration process of commercially pure titanium Grade 4 (CpTi G4), biomimetic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) coatings were electrodeposited for the first time from an acetate bath with a pH level of 7.0 and a Ca:P ratio of 1.67. ACP coatings were obtained on CpTi G4 substrate subjected to sandblasting and autoclaving using electrochemically assisted deposition at a potential of −3 V relative to the open circuit potential for 30 min at room temperature. SEM, EDS, 2D roughness profiles, amplitude-sensitive eddy current method, and Kelvin scanning probe were used for the surface characterization of the biomaterial under study. In vitro corrosion resistance tests were conducted for 21 days in artificial saliva using open circuit potential, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The passive-transpassive behavior was revealed for the obtained ACP coatings. The long-term corrosion resistance test showed a deterioration of the protective properties for CpTi G4 uncoated and coated with ACP with immersion time. The mechanism and kinetics of the pitting corrosion on the CpTi G4|TiO2|ACP coating system are discussed in detail.
Highlights
Received: 15 January 2021Titanium is one of the vital elements
|Z|f=0.1Hz with immersion time is indicative of deterioration of the protective properties for both the commercially pure titanium Grade 4 (CpTi G4) and CpTi|TiO2 |amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) electrodes. Both tested materials still exhibited anticorrosion properties. These results indicate that the ACP coatings formed on the surface of the CpTi G4 electrode and, as a result of the electrochemically assisted deposition (ECAD) process, became thicker and more porous with immersion time
Biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings were successfully deposited on the CpTi G4 substrate subjected to sandblasting and autoclaving using the ECAD method from the acetate bath at
Summary
Titanium is one of the vital elements This metal shows high biocompatibility with living tissue and high corrosion resistance, which is related to the presence of a self-passive oxide layer (TiO2 ) with a thickness of about 2–10 nm on its surface [1]. These unique properties of titanium make it widely used in modern implantology, especially for the production of dental implants. From Grade 5 of purity, Ti belongs to titanium alloys due to the content of alloying elements, usually in the form of aluminum and vanadium. For the production of dental implants, titanium of Grade 4 is most often used due to the mechanical strength of about 550 MPa and Young’s modulus of about 104 GPa [3,4]
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