Abstract
Photonic crystal fibers are usually divided into two different types of fibers: solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and air-core photonic bandgaps fibers (PBFs). We presented the fabrication methods and applications of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in these two types of photonic crystal fibers by use of a CO2 laser. A stain sensor with a high sensitivity was demonstrated by use of an LPFG written in solid-core PCFs. An in-fiber polarizer based on an LPFG was fabricated by use of a focused CO2 laser beam to notch periodically on a PCF. A novel LPFG was written in an air-core PBF by use of a CO2 laser to collapse periodically air holes in the fiber cladding.
Highlights
Optical fiber gratings already play a vital role in the field of the optical communications and sensors
We presented the fabrication methods and applications of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in these two types of photonic crystal fibers by use of a CO2 laser
An in-fiber polarizer based on an LPFG was fabricated by use of a focused CO2 laser beam to notch periodically on a photonic crystal fibers (PCFs)
Summary
Optical fiber gratings already play a vital role in the field of the optical communications and sensors. There are two types of in-fiber gratings: fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with periodicities of the order of the optical wavelength [1, 2] and long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with periodicities of several hundred wavelengths [3,4,5,6,7] Various fabrication methods, such as UV laser exposure [3], CO2 laser irradiation [4, 8,9,10,11], electric arc discharge [12], femtosecond laser exposure [13], mechanical microbend [14], and etched corrugation [15], have been demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers. The CO2 laser irradiation process can be controlled to generate complicated grating profiles via the well-known point-to-point technique without any expensive masks This technique could be, used to write LPFGs in almost all types of fibers including pure-silica photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). This paper reviews the fabrication methods and applications of LPFGs written in both solid-core PCFs and air-core PBGs by use of a CO2 laser
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