LOGIC OF LIFE AGAINST DOGMATICS OF RATIONALITY (FIN DE SIÈCLE OF GERMAN CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY)

Abstract

The problem of conceptual conflict of theory and practice is investigated on the example of the transformation of long-reigning rationalism under the influence of the "organic logic of life" (the basic concept of romantic philosophy). The formation of "non-classical" philosophical epistemology, an alternative to neo-Kantianism, Young Hegelianism and positivism, is considered in the context of the systemic crisis of scientific knowledge and the change of cultural paradigm at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The situation of changing the philosophical paradigm itself - the result of criticism of rationalism, as well as changes in the epistemological basis of the "science of sciences" - is described as a kind of fin de siècle (similar to the processes that took place in art and literature) in the history of German classical philosophy. The article proves that disputes (provoked by the Feirbach's criticism of Hegelian philosophy, as well as the polemics of Young Hegelians with positivists, initiated by Nietzsche and his imitators, and then continued by opponents and critics of Nietzscheanism) led to serious changes in the methodology and principles of philosophizing. Formed by these discussions a specific philosophical discourse (the struggle against dogmatism and the justification of the "philosophy of life" were the focus of attention of the Western European scientific community) was the beginning of the formation and rapid development of a new philosophical science based on "non-classical rationality". The article concludes about the continuity of development, not only repulsion, but also attraction in the relationship between the "former" and the newest philosophy: both paradigms imply the "truth of the world" and the appointment of man as an equal and equivalent objects (and subjects) of philosophical study.