Abstract
In this chapter we consider the different types of quantum tunneling localized transition (TLT) models. We describe four different types of TLT models: ground state tunneling (GST) model, irradiation ground state tunneling (IGST) model, excited state tunneling (EST) model, and thermally assisted excited state tunneling (TA-EST) model. We provide R codes for exploring the properties of each model, discuss their physical principles, and code approximate analytical solutions to the differential equations describing each model. R codes are provided for simulating the nearest neighbor distribution in a random distribution of defects in a solid and also provide an example of analyzing experimental data to obtain the g-factor for the anomalous fading (AF) phenomenon. Additional R codes simulate simultaneous irradiation and tunneling, and excited state tunneling phenomena. We show how to analyze experimental TL and OSL data for freshly irradiated samples, using the analytical Kitis–Pagonis equations KP-TL and KP-CW. Finally, we present the thermally assisted excited state model used in low temperature thermochronometry studies and show how quantum tunneling phenomena can be simulated using the TUN functions in the package RLumCarlo.
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