Abstract
4 He confined in nanoporous media is an excellent model boson system in a confinement potential. We have studied the superfluid and thermodynamic properties of 4 He confined in a porous glass that has nanopores of 2.5 nm diameter. It is shown that the confinement of 4 He in nanopores produces a new quantum state, the localized Bose–Einstein condensation (LBEC) state, and markedly alters the pressure–temperature ( P – T ) phase diagram. In the LBEC state the global phase coherence is destroyed by strong atomic correlation or by the random potential of a substrate. The formation of LBEC leads to an anomalous reduction of the superfluid transition temperature T c , determined by the torsional oscillator technique, and the behavior of a quantum phase transition near 0 K. The contributions of roton and phonon excitations to the heat capacity provide definitive evidence of the LBEC state.
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