Abstract
Under normal temperature porous rocks can fail either by shear strain localization or cataclastic flow. Shear localization results from the coalescence of microcracks leading to a tabular deformation band, whereas cataclastic flow is characterized by grain crushing and pore collapse resulting in a severely damaged but macroscopically homogeneous compacted continuum. In this paper we view the two types of instability as arising from two distinct bifurcation modes. The first mode, predicted from the singularity of the acoustic tensor, produces a strain rate jump tensor of rank one and defines a deformation band. The second mode, predicted from the singularity of the tangent constitutive operator, is diffuse and produces a full-rank strain rate jump tensor. After identifying the relevant bifurcation mode, we present a framework for capturing post-failure responses through constitutive branching. The post-collapse constitutive response features a cohesion softening-friction hardening applied either to an emerging fault for shear localization or to the bulk constitutive theory for diffuse pore collapse instability.
Published Version
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