Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the way people live by transforming everything into smart systems. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) forms an important part of IoT. This is a network of sensor nodes that is used in a vast range of applications. WSN is formed by the random deployment of sensor nodes in various fields of interest. The practical fields of deployment can be 2D or 3D, isotropic or anisotropic depending on the application. The localization algorithms must provide accurate localization irrespective of the type of field. In this paper, we have reported a localization algorithm called Range Reduction Based Localization (RRBL). This algorithm utilizes the properties of hop-based and centroid methods to improve the localization accuracy in various types of fields. In this algorithm, the location unknown nodes identify the close-by neighboring nodes within a predefined threshold and localize themselves by identifying and reducing the probable range of existence from these neighboring nodes. The nodes which do not have enough neighbors are localized using the least squares method. The algorithm is tested in various irregular and heterogeneous conditions. The results are compared with a few state-of-the-art hop-based and centroid-based localization techniques. RRBL has shown an improvement in localization accuracy of 28% at 10% reference node ratio and 26% at 20% reference node ratio when compared with other localization algorithms.
Highlights
The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the digital world
Range-free localization algorithms use only connectivity information among nodes to estimate the distance between them. These types of algorithms are more suitable for large-scale Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) because they do not need any additional hardware on sensor nodes to measure the radio signal characteristics [23]
The number of nodes in the network is increased from 400 to 900 and the reference node ratio is maintained at 10%
Summary
The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the digital world. IoT has changed the way people live by transforming everything into smart systems [1]. By knowing the accurate location of enemy vehicles or traffic congestion, necessary actions can be taken automatically In these applications, the location information of sensor nodes is unknown as they are deployed randomly. Range-free localization algorithms use only connectivity information among nodes to estimate the distance between them These types of algorithms are more suitable for large-scale WSN because they do not need any additional hardware on sensor nodes to measure the radio signal characteristics [23]. We have reported a range-free localization algorithm called Range Reduction Based Localization (RRBL) for localization of nodes in 2D and 3D, isotropic and anisotropic fields This algorithm uses the characteristics of hop-based and centroid methods for efficient localization of nodes under different scenarios.
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