Abstract
A polarization correlation experiment with two maximally entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion is studied in the Weyl-Wigner formalism, that reproduces the quantum predictions. An interpretation is proposed in terms of stochastic processes assuming that the quantum vacuum fields are real. This proves that local realism is compatible with the violation of Bell inequalities, thus rebutting the claim that local realism has been refuted by entangled photon experiments. Entanglement appears as a correlation between fluctuations of a signal field and vacuum fields.
Highlights
A polarization correlation experiment with two maximally entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion is studied in the Weyl-Wigner formalism, that reproduces the quantum predictions
I shall shortly review the treatment within the Weyl-Wigner formalism of the polarization correlation measurement of two maximally entangled photons produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC)
The derived Bell inequalities are currently seen as necessary conditions for any local realistic theory of physics
Summary
In 2015, experiments were reported showing for the first time the loophole-free violation of a Bell inequality [1, 2]. About the most intuitive scientific postulate imaginable” [3] This statement, and many similar ones, emphasize both the relevance of local realism for our understanding of the physical world and the fact that it has been refuted empirically. A constraint of locality is included, namely M (λ, A) is independent of M (λ, B) and ρ (λ) independent of both M (λ, A) and M (λ, B)[5] From these conditions it is possible to derive empirically testable (Bell) inequalities [6, 7]. I shall shortly review the treatment within the Weyl-Wigner formalism of the polarization correlation measurement of two maximally entangled photons produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). The WW formalism suggests an intuitive picture for photon entanglement and the interpretation of SPDC experiments in terms of random variables and stochastic processes. There are difficulties with the picture that will be discussed in section 4 below
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