Abstract
In recent years, the Local Container Drayage Problem (LCDP) has received lots of studies in research as part of container transportation. This paper examines the LCDP under a special operation mode in which tractors and trailers can be separated, i.e., tractors can be assigned to a new task at another location while trailers are waiting for packing or unpacking. The problem is formulated as a vehicle routing and scheduling problem with temporal constraints. The resulting formulation can be used to solve small-scale problems. For large-scale problems, we develop a max–min Ant colony optimization algorithm to reduce the computation time. Numerical experiments with randomly generated instances are performed to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
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