Abstract
This study presents a method based on carpet bombardment of immobilized cells with cavitating flows. For this, immobilized cancer cell lines are exposed to micro scale cavitating flows from the tip of a micro nozzle under the effect of cavitation microbubbles. The deformation as a result of cavitation bubbles on exposed cells differs from one cell type to another. Therefore, the difference in cell deformation upon cavitation exposure (carpet bombardment) acts as a valuable indicator for cancer diagnosis. The developed system is tested on HCT-116 (Human Colorectal Carcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (Breast Adenocarcinoma), ONCO-DG-1 (Ovarian Adenocarcinoma) cell lines due to their clinical importance. The mechanical effects of cavitation are examined by considering the single-cell lysis effect (the cell membrane is ruptured, and the cell is destroyed) with the help of the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. Our study proposes a promising label-free method for the potential use in cancer diagnosis with cavitation bubble collapse, where microbubbles could be precisely controlled and directed to the desired locations, as well as the characterization of the biophysical properties of cancer cells. The proposed approach tool has the advantages of label-free approach, simple structure and low cost and is a substantial alternative for the existing tools.
Highlights
According to the thermodynamic phase diagram, either an increase in the temperature or a decrease in the static pressure of the liquid leads to liquid-gas phase change [1]
By evaluating the energy released from the collapse of the cavitation bubbles within the spray structure, we demonstrate that our approach represents a unique technique on both cancer and endothelial cells without any prior chemical treatment, which might affect the cell membrane properties substantially
The results obtained during the experiments and in the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show that the hydrodynamic cavitation exposure on the cancer cell disrupts the morphology of the cancer cells in the pressure range between 2070 kPa and 2760 kPa
Summary
According to the thermodynamic phase diagram, either an increase in the temperature or a decrease in the static pressure of the liquid leads to liquid-gas phase change [1]. The use of hydrodynamic cavitation in biomedical applications is an emerging field in the literature. Cavitation effects on tissues and cells [13]–[15] have been well recognized to play an instrumental role in biomedical applications such as bloodbrain barrier opening with the use of focused ultrasound [16], shock wave lithotripsy [17], histotripsy [18], sonoporation [19], laser surgery [20], characterization [21], [22], and manipulation of single cells techniques [23].
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