Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly neoplasms and the seventh major cause of cancer-related deaths among both males and females. This cancer has a poor prognosis due to the lack of appropriate methods for early detection of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently found to influence the progression and initiation of pancreatic cancer. MACC1-AS1, LINC00976, LINC00462, LINC01559, HOXA-AS2, LINC00152, TP73-AS1, XIST, SNHG12, LUCAT1, and UCA1 are among the oncogenic lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer. On the other hand, LINC01111, LINC01963, DGCR5, MEG3, GAS5, and LINC00261 are among tumor suppressor lncRNAs in this tissue. In the current review, we summarize the roles of these two classes of lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer and discuss their potential as attractive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. We also identified that the low expression of MEG3, LINC01963, and LINC00261 and the high expression of MACC1-AS1, LINC00462, LINC01559, and UCA1 were significantly correlated with worse survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Further research on these lncRNAs will provide new clues that could potentially improve the early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and personalized treatments of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Highlights
LncRNAs LncRNAs can be classified on their four classes, namely, can be based classified basedgenomic on theirlocations genomic into locations into four classes, name intergenic intergenic Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are which transcribed from lncRNAs, are transcribed fro intergenic regions of either sense or antisense strands; intronic lncRNAs, which are transcribed totally from the intronic regions of protein-coding genes; sense lncRNAs, which are transcribed from the sense strand of protein-coding genes and encompass exons; and antisense lncRNAs, which are transcribed from the antisense strand of protein-coding genes [60]
These transcripts have a crucial impact on gene expression through different mechanisms, namely, transcriptional interference, chromatin remodeling, regulation of splicing events, modulation of translation through binding to translation factors or ribosomes, acting as competing endogenous RNAs for miRNAs, altering localization of proteins, modulation of telomere replication, and RNA
Based on these diverse roles in cellular and biochemical processes, lncRNAs have been suggested as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The diagnosis of PDAC is delayed due to a lack of early diagnostic strategies Another challenging issue in the field of PDAC therapy is the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of this type of malignancy [3]. These issues necessitate the identification of molecular pathways that are involved in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer. LncRNAs have been found to induce numerous central phenotypes of cancer cells through interacting with other biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, and RNAs. Several cancer-related lncRNAs have been functionally annotated and have been proposed as potential cancer therapeutic targets [4]. We focus on the summarization of the roles and the potential clinical implications of lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer
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