Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of functional RNA molecules that do not encode proteins and are composed of more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs play important roles in epigenetic and gene expression regulation. The oncogenic lncRNA GACAT3 was recently discovered to be dysregulated in many tumors. Aberrant expression of GACAT3 contributes to clinical characteristics and regulates multiple oncogenic processes. The association of GACAT3 with a variety of tumors makes it a promising biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. In this review, we integrate the current understanding of the pathological features, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of GACAT3 in cancer. Additionally, we provide insight into the utility of GACAT3 as an effective diagnostic and prognostic marker for specific tumors, which offers novel opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention.
Highlights
Despite the countless advances of modern medicine and technology, the incidence and mortality of cancer remain high with an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2018 alone (Bray et al, 2018; Ferlay et al, 2019; Lim et al, 2019)
Emerging evidence demonstrates that gastric cancer associated transcript 3 (GACAT3) is remarkably upregulated in Colorectal cancer (CRC), Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bladder cancer, and glioma but shows diverse expression in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines
GACAT3 expression levels in tumor samples are generally correlated with tumor size, metastasis to lymph nodes, TNM stages, and patient survival
Summary
Despite the countless advances of modern medicine and technology, the incidence and mortality of cancer remain high with an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2018 alone (Bray et al, 2018; Ferlay et al, 2019; Lim et al, 2019). GACAT3 was reported to be abnormally expressed in many malignant tumors, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (Klymenko et al, 2017). Downregulation of GACAT3 significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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