Abstract
Developing effective anti-malarial vaccine has been a challenge for long. Various factors including complex life cycle of parasite and lack of knowledge of stage specific critical antigens are some of the reasons. Moreover, inadequate understanding of the immune responses vis-à-vis sterile protection induced naturally by Plasmodia infection has further compounded the problem. It has been shown that people living in endemic areas take years to develop protective immunity to blood stage infection. But hardly anyone believes that immunity to liver-stage infection could be developed. Various experimental model studies using attenuated parasite suggest that liver-stage immunity might exist among endemic populations. This could be induced because of the attenuation of parasite in liver by various compounds present in the diet of endemic populations.
Highlights
Malaria along with HIV and TB poses great challenge to human health
Various studies have shown the generation of protective immunity against the blood stage infection after repeated exposure to the parasite [2], but it is questionable against the liver stage [3, 4]
While this is true for most of the people living in different parts of the world, we strongly feel that the gain of such differential protection could have a direct correlation with the ability of endemic populations to generate liver-stage specific immune responses
Summary
Malaria along with HIV and TB poses great challenge to human health. More than 200 million people are at high risk and millions are dying (children) every year across the globe [1]. EXISTENCE OF NATURAL IMMUNITY TO LIVER STAGE Many factors including genetic diversity, environmental conditions, and mosquito species do contribute to the differential susceptibility to infection [23,24,25] While this is true for most of the people living in different parts of the world, we strongly feel that the gain of such differential protection could have a direct correlation with the ability of endemic populations to generate liver-stage specific immune responses. It is possible that the low incidence of Malaria among endemic populations like in India could be due to the contribution of the liver-stage immune responses generated among them This might be because of their unique diets playing an important role in attenuating the parasite, a critical factor in generating liver-stage specific response. Arabinogalactan (tomatoes, carrots, pears, coconut, leek, onion, spinach, broccoli, avocado, eggplant, mango, apples, apricot, banana, radish, turmeric, echinacea tea, and marshmallow root) enhances monocytes production and activates macrophages that play an important role in phagocytosis of the parasite, www.frontiersin.org
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
