Abstract
Load models are developed for highway bridges. The models are based on the available statistical data on dead load, truck loads and dynamic loads. The paper deals mostly with the static live load. The model is derived from truck surveys, weight-in-motion measurements and other observations. Simple span moments, shears and negative moments are calculated for various spans. Extreme 75 year loads are determined by extrapolation. The important parameters also include girder distribution factors and multiple presence (more than one truck on the bridge). Multiple presence is considered in lane and side-by-side with various degrees of correlation between truck weights. The maximum load is calculated by simulations. The developed live model served as a basis for the development of new design provisions in the United States (LRFD AASHTO) and Canada (Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code).
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