Abstract
The structural and interfacial stability of silicon-based and lithium metal anode materials is essential to their battery performance. Scientists are looking for a better inactive material to buffer strong volume change and suppress unwanted surface reactions of these anodes during cycling. Lithium silicates formed in situ during the formation cycle of silicon monoxide anode not only manage anode swelling but also avoid undesired interfacial interactions, contributing to the successful commercialization of silicon monoxide anode materials. Additionally, lithium silicates have been further utilized in the design of advanced silicon and lithium metal anodes, and the results have shown significant promise in the past few years. In this review article, we summarize the structures, electrochemical properties, and formation conditions of lithium silicates. Their applications in advanced silicon and lithium metal anode materials are also introduced.
Highlights
Silicon monoxide (SiO) is regarded as one of the next-generation anode materials to replace graphite in Li-ion batteries (LIBs)
Li2 Si2 O5 was found as a result of characterizations of selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with other lithium silicates (Li4 SiO4 and Li6 Si2 O7 ) in an NaOH-etched SiO anode during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation [20]
Yan et al attributed the formation of Li2 Si2 O5 to the homogeneous absorption of LiBp on the SiOx /C surface, which supports stable lithiation reactions, avoiding both excess and deficient lithium supply, as shown in the stabilized lithium metal power (SLMP)-SiOx /C sample processed by solid-state lithiation [34]
Summary
Silicon monoxide (SiO) is regarded as one of the next-generation anode materials to replace graphite in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In LIBs, these tiny silicon crystals in a-SiO react with Li+ ions and form Li15 Si4 [4,5], serving as the active material to store energy. It is believed that lithium silicates generated in situ in SiO anodes after initial after initial lithiation play a critical role in buffering the volume expansion and maintainlithiation play a critical role in buffering the volume expansion and maintaining structural ing structural integrity, resulting in great cycle performance comparable to conventional integrity, resulting in great cycle performance comparable to conventional graphite angraphite anodes.
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