Abstract
Highly confining waveguides ( Δ n e > 0.1 ) without a degraded nonlinear coefficient and low propagation losses have been fabricated in lithium niobate (LN) by a new process that we called high vacuum vapor-phase proton exchange (HiVac-VPE). Index contrast, index profile, nonlinearity, and crystallographic phases are carefully investigated. Original analysis of index profiles indicates that the waveguides contain sub-layers whose depths depend on the exchange durations. Propagation behavior, propagation losses, and second-harmonic generation response of HiVac-VPE channel waveguides are investigated at telecom wavelength. The results recommend HiVac-VPE as a very promising technique for fabricating efficient nonlinear photonic integrated circuits in LN crystals.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
