Literary Criticism from Plato to the Present

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Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I Classical Literary Criticism and Rhetoric. 1 Classical Literary Criticism. Introduction to the Classical Period. Plato (428-ca. 347 BC). Aristotle (384-322 BC). 2 The Traditions of Rhetoric. Greek Rhetoric. Roman Rhetoric. The Subsequent History of Rhetoric: An Overview. The Legacy of Rhetoric. 3 Greek and Latin Criticism During the Roman Empire. Horace (65-8 BC). Longinus (First Century AD). Neo-Platonism. Part II The Medieval Era. 4 The Early Middle Ages. Historical Background. Intellectual and Theological Currents. 5 The Later Middle Ages. Historical Background. Intellectual Currents of the Later Middle Ages. The Traditions of Medieval Criticism. Transitions: Medieval Humanism. Part III The Early Modern Period to the Enlightenment. 6 The Early Modern Period. Historical Background. Intellectual Background. Confronting the Classical Heritage. Defending the Vernacular. Poetics and the Defense of Poetry. Poetic Form and Rhetoric. 7 Neoclassical Literary Criticism. French Neoclassicism. Neoclassicism in England. 8 The Enlightenment. Historical and Intellectual Background. Enlightenment Literary Criticism: Language, Taste, and Imagination. 9 The Aesthetics of Kant and Hegel. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Hegel (1770-1831). Part IV Romanticism and the Later Nineteenth Century. 10 Romanticism. Germany. France. England. America. 11 Realism, Naturalism, Symbolism, and Aestheticism. Historical Background: The Later Nineteenth Century. Realism and Naturalism. Symbolism and Aestheticism. 12 The Heterological Thinkers. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860). Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Henri Bergson (1859-1941). Matthew Arnold (1822-1888). Part V The Twentieth Century: A Brief Introduction. Introduction. 13 From Liberal Humanism to Formalism. The Background of Modernism. The Poetics of Modernism: W. B. Yeats, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot. Formalism. Russian Formalism. The New Criticism. 14 Socially Conscious Criticism of the Earlier Twentieth Century. F. R. Leavis. Marxist and Left-Wing Criticism. The Fundamental Principles of Marxism. Marxist Literary Criticism: A Historical Overview. Early Feminist Criticism: Simone de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf. 15 Phenomenology, Existentialism, Structuralism. Phenomenology. Existentialism. Heterology. Structuralism. 16 The Era of Poststructuralism (I): Later Marxism, Psychoanalysis, Deconstruction. Later Marxist Criticism. Psychoanalysis. Deconstruction. 17 The Era of Poststructuralism (II): Postmodernism, Modern Feminism, Gender Studies. Jurgen Habermas (b. 1929). Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007). Jean-Fran,cois Lyotard (1924-1998). bell hooks (Gloria Jean Watkins b. 1952). Modern Feminism. Gender Studies. 18 The Later Twentieth Century: New Historicism, Reader-Response Theory, Postcolonial Criticism, Cultural Studies. The New Historicism. Reader-Response and Reception Theory. Postcolonial Criticism. Cultural Studies. Epilogue New Directions: Looking Back, Looking Forward. Index.