Abstract
SUMMARY Human listeriosis: a foodborne zoonotic disease Human listeriosis is an uncommon foodborne bacterial illness caused by ingestion of food contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium is widespread in nature and is a common cause of zoonosis in herd animals. Many food products might become contaminated at various stages of production. Although ingestion of L. monocytogenes is a frequent occurrence, incidence of human listeriosis in the French general population is low — approximately 5 cases per million population — but incidence rates are higher in particular at-risk groups including older adults, pregnant women and their newborns, and persons with impaired cell-immunity. Invasive clinical syndromes most frequently include bacteremia, central nervous system infection and pregnancy-related infection. Other rare invasive presentations include joint and bone infections, endocarditis, as well as foreign material-associated infections. Non-invasive illnesses are rare and include acute febrile gastroenteritis and localized cutaneous or ocular infections. Invasive listeriosis is a potential severe condition with a case fatality rate of 20-30%. Incidence of human listeriosis has dramatically declined over the past decades, primarily because of implementation of food safety measures in the food industry. By carefully following food safety precautions, risk of listeriosis can be substantially reduced. Listeria monocytogenes – zoonosis – surveillance – foodborne outbreakes. 1. Caracteristiques microbiologiques Le genre Listeria comporte dix especes : L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii et subsp. londoniensis, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, L. grayi biovar grayi et biovar murrayi,
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