Abstract
The direct magnitude-estimation technique was used in an attempt to investigate two psycholinguistic aspects of spoken speech, i.e., vocal loudness and vocal effort. Three tape-recorded experimental conditions were developed representing (1) normal changes in loudness and “effort” in 5-dB steps over a 35-dB range, (2) intensity constant effort varied, and (3) intensity varied, effort constant. The speech samples were judged by 20 listeners on (1) the magnitude of loudness and (2) the magnitude of the amount of effort used by the speaker in phonation. Exponents of the loudness and effort functions (1.12 and 0.57, respectively) suggest that vocal loudness and effort may be different percepts of the listener. An examination of the acoustic signals show a systematic increase in bandwidth with increases in vocal intensity that is related to both loudness and effort.
Published Version
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