Abstract
Abstract The liquid-phase direct oxidation of benzene to phenol with molecular oxygen was studied using heterogeneous Cu(II) ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts in the presence of ascorbic acid under mild reaction conditions, from which phenol was selectively yielded. Cu(I) ions were found to be the active species for the formation of phenol. The turnover numbers of Cu(II) ion-exchanged zeolites, defined as the mole ratio of produced phenol to Cu ions in the catalyst, were more than unity, in contrast to those of non-anchored Cu(II) catalytic systems of which the turnover numbers were extremely less than unity.
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