Abstract
Deltamethrin pesticides can cause inflammation, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as well as affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues. As a result of this concern, there is a rising focus on the development of fast and reliable pesticide residue testing to minimise potential risks to humans. The goal of this study is to use Au-Ag colloid nanoparticles as liquid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to improve the Raman signal in the detection of deltamethrin pesticide in a brewed tea. The liquid SERS system is fascinating to study due to its ease of use and its unlikeliness to cause several phenomena, such as photo-bleaching, combustion, sublimation and even photo-catalysis, which can interfere with the Raman signal, as shown in the SERS substrate. Our liquid SERS system is simpler than previous liquid SERS systems that have been reported. We performed the detection of pesticide analyte directly on brewed tea, without diluting it with ethanol or centrifuging it. Femtosecond laser-induced photo-reduction was employed to synthesise the liquid SERS of Au, Au-Ag, and Ag colloidal nanoparticles. The SERS was utilised to detect deltamethrin pesticide in brewed tea. The result showed that liquid SERS-based Ag NPs significantly enhance the Raman signal of pesticides compared with liquid SERS-based Au NPs and Au-Ag Nanoalloys. The maximum residue limits (MRLs) in tea in Indonesia are set at 10 ppm. Therefore, this method was also utilised to detect and improve, to 0.01 ppm, the deltamethrin pesticide Limit of Detection (LOD).
Highlights
Tea is a refreshing beverage that the Indonesians have long recognised as an important part of their culture
We investigated the detection of deltamethrin pesticides in tea using liquid SERS
We investigated the detection of deltamethrin pesticides in tea using liquid SERS based on colloidal Au-Ag nanoparticles
Summary
Tea is a refreshing beverage that the Indonesians have long recognised as an important part of their culture. Methods used to determine residual deltamethrin pesticides include gas chromatography [6,7], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [8,9], capillary electrophoresis [10,11] and fluorescence quantification [12,13]. These techniques are time-consuming and necessitate access to complex and expensive laboratory facilities, for sample preparation and clean-up [14,15]. Creating a simple, cost-effective, quick and sensitive approach for the detection of deltamethrin pesticides in food is critical
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