Abstract
In date syrup manufacturing, date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are mixed with a suitable amount of water with heating at a temperature greater than 70°C for about 1 h. These conditions are not satisfactory for extraction greater amount of liquid sugar (date syrup). In addition, overheating for an extended period could damage nutritious materials and changes product’s color. In this study, pectinase/cellulase enzymes and sonication processes were used to achieve maximum syrup extraction from a date variety (Reziz) compared with classical method. The following variables were examined: fruit/water ratio, mixture of enzymes percent and ultrasonic power. Enzymes and Ultrasound were applied for improving the quantity and quality of extracted syrup. Date extract was filtered with filter system (Novox 200, filtrox) which could result entirely a clear syrup and then concentrated by a rotary evaporator until about 75% total solids to produce higher quality syrup. Physicochemical properties of each collected sample during process were evaluated. Results showed that sonication power 25% at ratio 1/3 D/W could lead to a higher extraction of RSS (Recovery of Soluble Solids) (74.30%) in a shorter time with a better physicochemical quality of syrup in comparison to mixture of enzymes 1.0% (66.70%) and classical methods of extraction (58.45%). Data indicated the possibility of employing ultrasound (25%) or enzymes processes (pectinase/ cellulase 0.1%) for producing greater syrup amount highly desirable for use in food product development.
Highlights
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest fruit trees in the Arabian Peninsula and has played an important role in day-to-day life of the people of this region for the last 7000 years [1]
Khalal stage dates are immature with hard texture, yellow or red or pink color, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) (A portion of the total solids which are dissolved in the water and pass through a filter prepared by depositing a layer of Kaolin paste into a standard filter paper) of 30-45 brix, astringent and edible; Rutab stage dates soften at the tip of the fruit, RSS of 55-60 °brix, free from astringency and edible; Tamr stage dates are fully ripped with RSS of 60–84 °Brix and edible
As the Reziz date has a high amount of wastes, it can be used for the date syrup production with economical advantageous
Summary
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest fruit trees in the Arabian Peninsula and has played an important role in day-to-day life of the people of this region for the last 7000 years [1]. The comparison of conventional, enzymes (pectinase and cellulase) and ultrasonically assisted extraction methods of liquid sugar from Reziz fruits to use in food product development.
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